binary_count_setbits.py

def binary_count_setbits(a: int) -> int:
    """
    Take in 1 integer, return a number that is
    the number of 1's in binary representation of that number.
    Counts the number of set bits (1's) in the binary representation by converting
    the number to binary and counting occurrences of '1'.
    Algorithm:
    1. Convert the number to binary string representation
    2. Count the number of '1' characters in the binary string
    3. Return the count
    Example: 25 in binary is 0b11001
    - Binary representation: 11001
    - Count of 1's: 3

    >>> binary_count_setbits(25)
    3
    >>> binary_count_setbits(36)
    2
    >>> binary_count_setbits(16)
    1
    >>> binary_count_setbits(58)
    4
    >>> binary_count_setbits(4294967295)
    32
    >>> binary_count_setbits(0)
    0
    >>> binary_count_setbits(-10)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    ValueError: Input value must be a positive integer
    >>> binary_count_setbits(0.8)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    TypeError: Input value must be a 'int' type
    >>> binary_count_setbits("0")
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    TypeError: '<' not supported between instances of 'str' and 'int'
    """
    if a < 0:
        raise ValueError("Input value must be a positive integer")
    elif isinstance(a, float):
        raise TypeError("Input value must be a 'int' type")
    return bin(a).count("1")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest

    doctest.testmod()