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curl

transfer a URL : a tool to transfer data from or to a server, using one of the supported protocols

References

Quickstart

curl baidu.com              # Output from url
curl -o tmp.html baidu.com  # Write to file
# -o file : Write output to file
# -o = --output

curl -I icehe.life  # Print only Headers
curl -i icehe.life  # Print include Headers
# -I | --head       : Fetch the headers only
# -i | --include    : Include HTTP response headers

curl -s -X POST -H "Foo: bar" icehe.life
# -s | --silent     : Do not show progress meter or error messages
# -X | --request    : Specify request method
# -H | --header     : Add a header

curl -LO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IceHe/lib/master/README.md
# -L | --location : Enable redirect
# -O : Write local file named like remote file

# 指定 HTTP 请求的域名和 IP 地址
# e.g.
curl --resolve example.com:80:192.168.1.100 http://example.com/path
curl --resolve example.com:443:192.168.1.100 https://example.com/path

Options

Header

  • -I, --head Fetch headers only! ( HTTP FTP FILE )
  • -i, --include Include the HTTP-header in the output.
  • -H, --header <header> Extra header to include in the request
    • when sending HTTP to a server ( HTTP )
    • e.g., curl -H "X-First-Name: Joe" http://example.com/

Method

  • -X, --request <command> Specify a custom request method to use
    • when communicating with the HTTP server
    • e.g., curl -X HEAD http://example.com/

Display

  • -s, --silent Silent or quiet mode.
    • Do not show progress meter or error messages.
  • -S, --show-error It makes curl show an error message if it fails.
    • when used with -s, --silent

Download

  • -L, --location Enable redirect ( HTTP ) :
    • If the server reports that requested page has moved to different location (indicated with Location: header & 3XX response code), it will make curl redo the request on the new place.
  • -O, --remote-name Write output to local file named like remote file.
    • (Only file part of remote file is used, path is cut off.)

Usage

Download

curl -LO <url_to_file>

# e.g.
$ curl -LO https://getcomposer.org/composer.phar
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100 1841k  100 1841k    0     0   449k      0  0:00:04  0:00:04 --:--:--  449k

Request

curl -X <http_method> <url> -H '<header_name>: <header_value>'

# e.g.
$ curl -X POST http://10.1.2.3:8888/comments -H 'Host: api.weibo.cn'