fix(js): include tsbuildinfo in narrowed tsc build-base outputs (#35086)

## Current Behavior

PR #35041 narrowed the `build-base` target outputs to only match
tsc-produced file types (e.g. `**/*.{js,d.ts,...}{,.map}`), preventing
cross-OS cache pollution from native binaries. However, `.tsbuildinfo`
files were not included in the narrowed glob, so they are no longer
captured as build outputs. The tsbuildinfo handling was also spread
across multiple conditional branches with duplicated logic.

## Expected Behavior

`.tsbuildinfo` files are always included as a build output since `tsc
--build` implicitly enables `incremental: true` and always produces
them. A new `getTsBuildInfoOutputPath` helper centralizes the logic for
determining the tsbuildinfo file location (respecting `tsBuildInfoFile`,
`outFile`, `outDir`, or the default), and is called once unconditionally
at the end of the output resolution loop.

## Related Issue(s)

Follow-up to #35041

(cherry picked from commit b1d8db3)

Author: FrozenPandaz