test_syntax.py

"""This module tests SyntaxErrors.

Here's an example of the sort of thing that is tested.

>>> def f(x):
...     global x
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: name 'x' is parameter and global

The tests are all raise SyntaxErrors.  They were created by checking
each C call that raises SyntaxError.  There are several modules that
raise these exceptions-- ast.c, compile.c, future.c, pythonrun.c, and
symtable.c.

The parser itself outlaws a lot of invalid syntax.  None of these
errors are tested here at the moment.  We should add some tests; since
there are infinitely many programs with invalid syntax, we would need
to be judicious in selecting some.

The compiler generates a synthetic module name for code executed by
doctest.  Since all the code comes from the same module, a suffix like
[1] is appended to the module name, As a consequence, changing the
order of tests in this module means renumbering all the errors after
it.  (Maybe we should enable the ellipsis option for these tests.)

In ast.c, syntax errors are raised by calling ast_error().

Errors from set_context():

>>> obj.None = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> None = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to None

>>> obj.True = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> True = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to True

>>> (True := 1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use assignment expressions with True

>>> obj.__debug__ = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

>>> __debug__ = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

>>> (__debug__ := 1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

>>> def __debug__(): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

>>> async def __debug__(): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

>>> class __debug__: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

>>> del __debug__
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot delete __debug__

>>> f() = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

>>> yield = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: assignment to yield expression not possible

>>> del f()
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot delete function call

>>> a + 1 = 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

>>> (x for x in x) = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to generator expression

>>> 1 = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

>>> "abc" = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

>>> b"" = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

>>> ... = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to ellipsis here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

>>> `1` = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

If the left-hand side of an assignment is a list or tuple, an illegal
expression inside that contain should still cause a syntax error.
This test just checks a couple of cases rather than enumerating all of
them.

>>> (a, "b", c) = (1, 2, 3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal

>>> (a, True, c) = (1, 2, 3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to True

>>> (a, __debug__, c) = (1, 2, 3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

>>> (a, *True, c) = (1, 2, 3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to True

>>> (a, *__debug__, c) = (1, 2, 3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

>>> [a, b, c + 1] = [1, 2, 3]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression

>>> [a, b[1], c + 1] = [1, 2, 3]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression

>>> [a, b.c.d, c + 1] = [1, 2, 3]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression

>>> a if 1 else b = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to conditional expression

>>> a = 42 if True
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected 'else' after 'if' expression

>>> a = (42 if True)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected 'else' after 'if' expression

>>> a = [1, 42 if True, 4]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected 'else' after 'if' expression

>>> x = 1 if 1 else pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected expression after 'else', but statement is given

>>> x = pass if 1 else 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected expression before 'if', but statement is given

>>> x = pass if 1 else pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected expression before 'if', but statement is given

>>> if True:
...     print("Hello"
...
... if 2:
...    print(123))
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> True = True = 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to True

>>> x = y = True = z = 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to True

>>> x = y = yield = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: assignment to yield expression not possible

>>> a, b += 1, 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'tuple' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment

>>> (a, b) += 1, 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'tuple' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment

>>> [a, b] += 1, 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'list' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment

Invalid targets in `for` loops and `with` statements should also
produce a specialized error message

>>> for a() in b: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call

>>> for (a, b()) in b: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call

>>> for [a, b()] in b: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call

>>> for (*a, b, c+1) in b: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression

>>> for (x, *(y, z.d())) in b: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call

>>> for a, b() in c: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call

>>> for a, b, (c + 1, d()): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression

>>> for i < (): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> for a, b
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> with a as b(): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call

>>> with a as (b, c()): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call

>>> with a as [b, c()]: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call

>>> with a as (*b, c, d+1): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression

>>> with a as (x, *(y, z.d())): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call

>>> with a as b, c as d(): pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call

>>> with a as b
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected ':'

>>> p = p =
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

Comprehensions without 'in' keyword:

>>> [x for x if range(1)]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'in' expected after for-loop variables

>>> tuple(x for x if range(1))
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'in' expected after for-loop variables

>>> [x for x() in a]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call

>>> [x for a, b, (c + 1, d()) in y]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression

>>> [x for a, b, (c + 1, d()) if y]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'in' expected after for-loop variables

>>> [x for x+1 in y]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression

>>> [x for x+1, x() in y]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression

Comprehensions creating tuples without parentheses
should produce a specialized error message:

>>> [x,y for x,y in range(100)]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: did you forget parentheses around the comprehension target?

>>> {x,y for x,y in range(100)}
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: did you forget parentheses around the comprehension target?

# Incorrectly closed strings

>>> "The interesting object "The important object" is very important"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Is this intended to be part of the string?

# Missing commas in literals collections should not
# produce special error messages regarding missing
# parentheses, but about missing commas instead

>>> [1, 2 3]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?

>>> {1, 2 3}
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?

>>> {1:2, 2:5 3:12}
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?

>>> (1, 2 3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?

# Make sure soft keywords constructs don't raise specialized
# errors regarding missing commas or other spezialiced errors

>>> match x:
...     y = 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> match x:
...     case y:
...        3 $ 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> match x:
...     case $:
...        ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> match ...:
...     case {**_}:
...        ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

# Check incorrect "case" placement with specialized error messages

>>> case "pattern": ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: case statement must be inside match statement

>>> case 1 | 2: ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: case statement must be inside match statement

>>> case klass(attr=1) | {}: ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: case statement must be inside match statement

>>> case [] if x > 1: ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: case statement must be inside match statement

>>> case match: ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: case statement must be inside match statement

>>> case case: ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: case statement must be inside match statement

>>> if some:
...     case 1: ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: case statement must be inside match statement

>>> case some:
...     case 1: ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: case statement must be inside match statement

# But prefixes of soft keywords should
# still raise specialized errors

>>> (mat x)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?

From compiler_complex_args():

>>> def f(None=1):
...     pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

From ast_for_arguments():

>>> def f(x, y=1, z):
...     pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameter without a default follows parameter with a default

>>> def f(x, /, y=1, z):
...     pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameter without a default follows parameter with a default

>>> def f(x, None):
...     pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> def f(*None):
...     pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> def f(**None):
...     pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> def foo(/,a,b=,c):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: at least one parameter must precede /

>>> def foo(a,/,/,b,c):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / may appear only once

>>> def foo(a,/,a1,/,b,c):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / may appear only once

>>> def foo(a=1,/,/,*b,/,c):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / may appear only once

>>> def foo(a,/,a1=1,/,b,c):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / may appear only once

>>> def foo(a,*b,c,/,d,e):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / must be ahead of *

>>> def foo(a=1,*b,c=3,/,d,e):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / must be ahead of *

>>> def foo(a,*b=3,c):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: var-positional parameter cannot have default value

>>> def foo(a,*b: int=,c):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: var-positional parameter cannot have default value

>>> def foo(a,**b=3):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: var-keyword parameter cannot have default value

>>> def foo(a,**b: int=3):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: var-keyword parameter cannot have default value

>>> def foo(a,*a, b, **c, d):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameters cannot follow var-keyword parameter

>>> def foo(a,*a, b, **c, d=4):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameters cannot follow var-keyword parameter

>>> def foo(a,*a, b, **c, *d):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameters cannot follow var-keyword parameter

>>> def foo(a,*a, b, **c, **d):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameters cannot follow var-keyword parameter

>>> def foo(a=1,/,**b,/,c):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameters cannot follow var-keyword parameter

>>> def foo(*b,*d):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: * may appear only once

>>> def foo(a,*b,c,*d,*e,c):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: * may appear only once

>>> def foo(a,b,/,c,*b,c,*d,*e,c):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: * may appear only once

>>> def foo(a,b,/,c,*b,c,*d,**e):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: * may appear only once

>>> def foo(a=1,/*,b,c):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected comma between / and *

>>> def foo(a=1,d=,c):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected default value expression

>>> def foo(a,d=,c):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected default value expression

>>> def foo(a,d: int=,c):
...    pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected default value expression

>>> lambda /,a,b,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: at least one parameter must precede /

>>> lambda a,/,/,b,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / may appear only once

>>> lambda a,/,a1,/,b,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / may appear only once

>>> lambda a=1,/,/,*b,/,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / may appear only once

>>> lambda a,/,a1=1,/,b,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / may appear only once

>>> lambda a,*b,c,/,d,e: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / must be ahead of *

>>> lambda a=1,*b,c=3,/,d,e: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: / must be ahead of *

>>> lambda a=1,/*,b,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected comma between / and *

>>> lambda a,*b=3,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: var-positional parameter cannot have default value

>>> lambda a,**b=3: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: var-keyword parameter cannot have default value

>>> lambda a, *a, b, **c, d: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameters cannot follow var-keyword parameter

>>> lambda a,*a, b, **c, d=4: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameters cannot follow var-keyword parameter

>>> lambda a,*a, b, **c, *d: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameters cannot follow var-keyword parameter

>>> lambda a,*a, b, **c, **d: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameters cannot follow var-keyword parameter

>>> lambda a=1,/,**b,/,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameters cannot follow var-keyword parameter

>>> lambda *b,*d: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: * may appear only once

>>> lambda a,*b,c,*d,*e,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: * may appear only once

>>> lambda a,b,/,c,*b,c,*d,*e,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: * may appear only once

>>> lambda a,b,/,c,*b,c,*d,**e: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: * may appear only once

>>> lambda a=1,d=,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected default value expression

>>> lambda a,d=,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected default value expression

>>> lambda a,d=3,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameter without a default follows parameter with a default

>>> lambda a,/,d=3,c: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: parameter without a default follows parameter with a default

>>> import ast; ast.parse('''
... def f(
...     *, # type: int
...     a, # type: int
... ):
...     pass
... ''', type_comments=True)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: bare * has associated type comment


From ast_for_funcdef():

>>> def None(x):
...     pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax


From ast_for_call():

>>> def f(it, *varargs, **kwargs):
...     return list(it)
>>> L = range(10)
>>> f(x for x in L)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> f(x for x in L, 1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized
>>> f(x for x in L, y=1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized
>>> f(x for x in L, *[])
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized
>>> f(x for x in L, **{})
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized
>>> f(L, x for x in L)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized
>>> f(x for x in L, y for y in L)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized
>>> f(x for x in L,)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized
>>> f((x for x in L), 1)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> class C(x for x in L):
...     pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> def g(*args, **kwargs):
...     print(args, sorted(kwargs.items()))
>>> g(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
...   20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37,
...   38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55,
...   56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,
...   74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91,
...   92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107,
...   108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121,
...   122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135,
...   136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149,
...   150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163,
...   164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177,
...   178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191,
...   192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205,
...   206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219,
...   220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233,
...   234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247,
...   248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261,
...   262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275,
...   276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289,
...   290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299)  # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, ..., 297, 298, 299) []

>>> g(a000=0, a001=1, a002=2, a003=3, a004=4, a005=5, a006=6, a007=7, a008=8,
...   a009=9, a010=10, a011=11, a012=12, a013=13, a014=14, a015=15, a016=16,
...   a017=17, a018=18, a019=19, a020=20, a021=21, a022=22, a023=23, a024=24,
...   a025=25, a026=26, a027=27, a028=28, a029=29, a030=30, a031=31, a032=32,
...   a033=33, a034=34, a035=35, a036=36, a037=37, a038=38, a039=39, a040=40,
...   a041=41, a042=42, a043=43, a044=44, a045=45, a046=46, a047=47, a048=48,
...   a049=49, a050=50, a051=51, a052=52, a053=53, a054=54, a055=55, a056=56,
...   a057=57, a058=58, a059=59, a060=60, a061=61, a062=62, a063=63, a064=64,
...   a065=65, a066=66, a067=67, a068=68, a069=69, a070=70, a071=71, a072=72,
...   a073=73, a074=74, a075=75, a076=76, a077=77, a078=78, a079=79, a080=80,
...   a081=81, a082=82, a083=83, a084=84, a085=85, a086=86, a087=87, a088=88,
...   a089=89, a090=90, a091=91, a092=92, a093=93, a094=94, a095=95, a096=96,
...   a097=97, a098=98, a099=99, a100=100, a101=101, a102=102, a103=103,
...   a104=104, a105=105, a106=106, a107=107, a108=108, a109=109, a110=110,
...   a111=111, a112=112, a113=113, a114=114, a115=115, a116=116, a117=117,
...   a118=118, a119=119, a120=120, a121=121, a122=122, a123=123, a124=124,
...   a125=125, a126=126, a127=127, a128=128, a129=129, a130=130, a131=131,
...   a132=132, a133=133, a134=134, a135=135, a136=136, a137=137, a138=138,
...   a139=139, a140=140, a141=141, a142=142, a143=143, a144=144, a145=145,
...   a146=146, a147=147, a148=148, a149=149, a150=150, a151=151, a152=152,
...   a153=153, a154=154, a155=155, a156=156, a157=157, a158=158, a159=159,
...   a160=160, a161=161, a162=162, a163=163, a164=164, a165=165, a166=166,
...   a167=167, a168=168, a169=169, a170=170, a171=171, a172=172, a173=173,
...   a174=174, a175=175, a176=176, a177=177, a178=178, a179=179, a180=180,
...   a181=181, a182=182, a183=183, a184=184, a185=185, a186=186, a187=187,
...   a188=188, a189=189, a190=190, a191=191, a192=192, a193=193, a194=194,
...   a195=195, a196=196, a197=197, a198=198, a199=199, a200=200, a201=201,
...   a202=202, a203=203, a204=204, a205=205, a206=206, a207=207, a208=208,
...   a209=209, a210=210, a211=211, a212=212, a213=213, a214=214, a215=215,
...   a216=216, a217=217, a218=218, a219=219, a220=220, a221=221, a222=222,
...   a223=223, a224=224, a225=225, a226=226, a227=227, a228=228, a229=229,
...   a230=230, a231=231, a232=232, a233=233, a234=234, a235=235, a236=236,
...   a237=237, a238=238, a239=239, a240=240, a241=241, a242=242, a243=243,
...   a244=244, a245=245, a246=246, a247=247, a248=248, a249=249, a250=250,
...   a251=251, a252=252, a253=253, a254=254, a255=255, a256=256, a257=257,
...   a258=258, a259=259, a260=260, a261=261, a262=262, a263=263, a264=264,
...   a265=265, a266=266, a267=267, a268=268, a269=269, a270=270, a271=271,
...   a272=272, a273=273, a274=274, a275=275, a276=276, a277=277, a278=278,
...   a279=279, a280=280, a281=281, a282=282, a283=283, a284=284, a285=285,
...   a286=286, a287=287, a288=288, a289=289, a290=290, a291=291, a292=292,
...   a293=293, a294=294, a295=295, a296=296, a297=297, a298=298, a299=299)
...  # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
() [('a000', 0), ('a001', 1), ('a002', 2), ..., ('a298', 298), ('a299', 299)]

>>> class C:
...     def meth(self, *args):
...         return args
>>> obj = C()
>>> obj.meth(
...   0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
...   20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37,
...   38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55,
...   56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,
...   74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91,
...   92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107,
...   108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121,
...   122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135,
...   136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149,
...   150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163,
...   164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177,
...   178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191,
...   192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205,
...   206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219,
...   220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233,
...   234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247,
...   248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261,
...   262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275,
...   276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289,
...   290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299)  # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, ..., 297, 298, 299)

>>> f(lambda x: x[0] = 3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="?

# Check that this error doesn't trigger for names:
>>> f(a={x: for x in {}})
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

The grammar accepts any test (basically, any expression) in the
keyword slot of a call site.  Test a few different options.

>>> f(x()=2)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="?
>>> f(a or b=1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="?
>>> f(x.y=1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="?
>>> f((x)=2)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="?
>>> f(True=1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to True
>>> f(False=1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to False
>>> f(None=1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to None
>>> f(__debug__=1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> __debug__: int
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> x.__debug__: int
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> f(a=)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected argument value expression
>>> f(a, b, c=)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected argument value expression
>>> f(a, b, c=, d)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: expected argument value expression
>>> f(*args=[0])
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to iterable argument unpacking
>>> f(a, b, *args=[0])
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to iterable argument unpacking
>>> f(**kwargs={'a': 1})
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to keyword argument unpacking
>>> f(a, b, *args, **kwargs={'a': 1})
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to keyword argument unpacking


More set_context():

>>> (x for x in x) += 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'generator expression' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment
>>> None += 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'None' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment
>>> __debug__ += 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__
>>> f() += 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'function call' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment


Test control flow in finally

continue in for loop under finally should be ok.

    >>> def test():
    ...     try:
    ...         pass
    ...     finally:
    ...         for abc in range(10):
    ...             continue
    ...     print(abc)
    >>> test()
    9

break in for loop under finally should be ok.

    >>> def test():
    ...     try:
    ...         pass
    ...     finally:
    ...         for abc in range(10):
    ...             break
    ...     print(abc)
    >>> test()
    0

return in function under finally should be ok.

    >>> def test():
    ...     try:
    ...         pass
    ...     finally:
    ...         def f():
    ...             return 42
    ...     print(f())
    >>> test()
    42

combine for loop and function def

return in function under finally should be ok.

    >>> def test():
    ...     try:
    ...         pass
    ...     finally:
    ...         for i in range(10):
    ...             def f():
    ...                 return 42
    ...     print(f())
    >>> test()
    42

    >>> def test():
    ...     try:
    ...         pass
    ...     finally:
    ...         def f():
    ...             for i in range(10):
    ...                 return 42
    ...     print(f())
    >>> test()
    42

A continue outside loop should not be allowed.

    >>> def foo():
    ...     try:
    ...         continue
    ...     finally:
    ...         pass
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    SyntaxError: 'continue' not properly in loop

There is one test for a break that is not in a loop.  The compiler
uses a single data structure to keep track of try-finally and loops,
so we need to be sure that a break is actually inside a loop.  If it
isn't, there should be a syntax error.

   >>> try:
   ...     print(1)
   ...     break
   ...     print(2)
   ... finally:
   ...     print(3)
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
   SyntaxError: 'break' outside loop

elif can't come after an else.

    >>> if a % 2 == 0:
    ...     pass
    ... else:
    ...     pass
    ... elif a % 2 == 1:
    ...     pass
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    SyntaxError: 'elif' block follows an 'else' block

Misuse of the nonlocal and global statement can lead to a few unique syntax errors.

   >>> def f():
   ...     print(x)
   ...     global x
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
   SyntaxError: name 'x' is used prior to global declaration

   >>> def f():
   ...     x = 1
   ...     global x
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
   SyntaxError: name 'x' is assigned to before global declaration

   >>> def f(x):
   ...     global x
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
   SyntaxError: name 'x' is parameter and global

   >>> def f():
   ...     x = 1
   ...     def g():
   ...         print(x)
   ...         nonlocal x
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
   SyntaxError: name 'x' is used prior to nonlocal declaration

   >>> def f():
   ...     x = 1
   ...     def g():
   ...         x = 2
   ...         nonlocal x
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
   SyntaxError: name 'x' is assigned to before nonlocal declaration

   >>> def f(x):
   ...     nonlocal x
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
   SyntaxError: name 'x' is parameter and nonlocal

   >>> def f():
   ...     global x
   ...     nonlocal x
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
   SyntaxError: name 'x' is nonlocal and global

   >>> def f():
   ...     nonlocal x
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
   SyntaxError: no binding for nonlocal 'x' found

From SF bug #1705365
   >>> nonlocal x
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
   SyntaxError: nonlocal declaration not allowed at module level

From https://bugs.python.org/issue25973
   >>> class A:
   ...     def f(self):
   ...         nonlocal __x
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
   SyntaxError: no binding for nonlocal '_A__x' found


This tests assignment-context; there was a bug in Python 2.5 where compiling
a complex 'if' (one with 'elif') would fail to notice an invalid suite,
leading to spurious errors.

   >>> if 1:
   ...   x() = 1
   ... elif 1:
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
   SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

   >>> if 1:
   ...   pass
   ... elif 1:
   ...   x() = 1
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
   SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

   >>> if 1:
   ...   x() = 1
   ... elif 1:
   ...   pass
   ... else:
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
   SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

   >>> if 1:
   ...   pass
   ... elif 1:
   ...   x() = 1
   ... else:
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
   SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

   >>> if 1:
   ...   pass
   ... elif 1:
   ...   pass
   ... else:
   ...   x() = 1
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
   SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

Missing ':' before suites:

   >>> def f()
   ...     pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> def f[T]()
   ...     pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> class A
   ...     pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> class A[T]
   ...     pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> class A[T]()
   ...     pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> class R&D:
   ...     pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: invalid syntax

   >>> if 1
   ...   pass
   ... elif 1:
   ...   pass
   ... else:
   ...   x() = 1
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> if 1:
   ...   pass
   ... elif 1
   ...   pass
   ... else:
   ...   x() = 1
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> if 1:
   ...   pass
   ... elif 1:
   ...   pass
   ... else
   ...   x() = 1
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> for x in range(10)
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> for x in range 10:
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: invalid syntax

   >>> while True
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> with blech as something
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> with blech
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> with blech, block as something
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> with blech, block as something, bluch
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> with (blech as something)
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> with (blech)
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> with (blech, block as something)
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> with (blech, block as something, bluch)
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> with block ad something:
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'and'?

   >>> try
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> try:
   ...   pass
   ... except
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> match x
   ...   case list():
   ...       pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> match x x:
   ...   case list():
   ...       pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: invalid syntax

   >>> match x:
   ...   case list()
   ...       pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> match x:
   ...   case [y] if y > 0
   ...       pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected ':'

   >>> match x:
   ...   case a, __debug__, b:
   ...       pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

   >>> match x:
   ...   case a, b, *__debug__:
   ...       pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

   >>> match x:
   ...   case Foo(a, __debug__=1, b=2):
   ...       pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

   >>> if x = 3:
   ...    pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?

   >>> while x = 3:
   ...    pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?

   >>> if x.a = 3:
   ...    pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot assign to attribute here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

   >>> while x.a = 3:
   ...    pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot assign to attribute here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?


Missing parens after function definition

   >>> def f:
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected '('

   >>> async def f:
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected '('

   >>> def f -> int:
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected '('

   >>> async def f -> int:  # type: int
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected '('

   >>> async def f[T]:
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected '('

   >>> def f[T] -> str:
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected '('

Parenthesized parameters in function definitions

   >>> def f(x, (y, z), w):
   ...    pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: Function parameters cannot be parenthesized

   >>> def f((x, y, z, w)):
   ...    pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: Function parameters cannot be parenthesized

   >>> def f(x, (y, z, w)):
   ...    pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: Function parameters cannot be parenthesized

   >>> def f((x, y, z), w):
   ...    pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: Function parameters cannot be parenthesized

   >>> lambda x, (y, z), w: None
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: Lambda expression parameters cannot be parenthesized

   >>> lambda (x, y, z, w): None
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: Lambda expression parameters cannot be parenthesized

   >>> lambda x, (y, z, w): None
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: Lambda expression parameters cannot be parenthesized

   >>> lambda (x, y, z), w: None
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: Lambda expression parameters cannot be parenthesized

Custom error messages for try blocks that are not followed by except/finally

   >>> try:
   ...    x = 34
   ...
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected 'except' or 'finally' block

Custom error message for __debug__ as exception variable

   >>> try:
   ...    pass
   ... except TypeError as __debug__:
   ...    pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

Custom error message for try block mixing except and except*

   >>> try:
   ...    pass
   ... except TypeError:
   ...    pass
   ... except* ValueError:
   ...    pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot have both 'except' and 'except*' on the same 'try'

   >>> try:
   ...    pass
   ... except* TypeError:
   ...    pass
   ... except ValueError:
   ...    pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot have both 'except' and 'except*' on the same 'try'

   >>> try:
   ...    pass
   ... except TypeError:
   ...    pass
   ... except TypeError:
   ...    pass
   ... except* ValueError:
   ...    pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot have both 'except' and 'except*' on the same 'try'

   >>> try:
   ...    pass
   ... except* TypeError:
   ...    pass
   ... except* TypeError:
   ...    pass
   ... except ValueError:
   ...    pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot have both 'except' and 'except*' on the same 'try'

Better error message for using `except as` with not a name:

   >>> try:
   ...    pass
   ... except TypeError as obj.attr:
   ...    pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot use except statement with attribute

   >>> try:
   ...    pass
   ... except TypeError as obj[1]:
   ...    pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot use except statement with subscript

   >>> try:
   ...    pass
   ... except* TypeError as (obj, name):
   ...    pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot use except* statement with tuple

   >>> try:
   ...    pass
   ... except* TypeError as 1:
   ...    pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot use except* statement with literal

Regression tests for gh-133999:

   >>> try: pass
   ... except TypeError as name: raise from None
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: did you forget an expression between 'raise' and 'from'?

   >>> try: pass
   ... except* TypeError as name: raise from None
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: did you forget an expression between 'raise' and 'from'?

   >>> match 1:
   ...     case 1 | 2 as abc: raise from None
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: did you forget an expression between 'raise' and 'from'?

Ensure that early = are not matched by the parser as invalid comparisons
   >>> f(2, 4, x=34); 1 $ 2
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: invalid syntax

   >>> dict(x=34); x $ y
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: invalid syntax

   >>> dict(x=34, (x for x in range 10), 1); x $ y
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: invalid syntax

   >>> dict(x=34, x=1, y=2); x $ y
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: invalid syntax

Incomplete dictionary literals

   >>> {1:2, 3:4, 5}
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: ':' expected after dictionary key

   >>> {1:2, 3:4, 5:}
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expression expected after dictionary key and ':'

   >>> {1: *12+1, 23: 1}
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot use a starred expression in a dictionary value

   >>> {1: *12+1}
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot use a starred expression in a dictionary value

   >>> {1: 23, 1: *12+1}
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot use a starred expression in a dictionary value

   >>> {1:}
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expression expected after dictionary key and ':'

   # Ensure that the error is not raised for syntax errors that happen after sets

   >>> {1} $
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: invalid syntax

   # Ensure that the error is not raised for invalid expressions

   >>> {1: 2, 3: foo(,), 4: 5}
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: invalid syntax

   >>> {1: $, 2: 3}
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: invalid syntax

Specialized indentation errors:

   >>> while condition:
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'while' statement on line 1

   >>> for x in range(10):
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'for' statement on line 1

   >>> for x in range(10):
   ...     pass
   ... else:
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'else' statement on line 3

   >>> async for x in range(10):
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'for' statement on line 1

   >>> async for x in range(10):
   ...     pass
   ... else:
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'else' statement on line 3

   >>> if something:
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'if' statement on line 1

   >>> if something:
   ...     pass
   ... elif something_else:
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'elif' statement on line 3

   >>> if something:
   ...     pass
   ... elif something_else:
   ...     pass
   ... else:
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'else' statement on line 5

   >>> try:
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'try' statement on line 1

   >>> try:
   ...     something()
   ... except:
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'except' statement on line 3

   >>> try:
   ...     something()
   ... except A:
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'except' statement on line 3

   >>> try:
   ...     something()
   ... except* A:
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'except*' statement on line 3

   >>> try:
   ...     something()
   ... except A:
   ...     pass
   ... finally:
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'finally' statement on line 5

   >>> try:
   ...     something()
   ... except* A:
   ...     pass
   ... finally:
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'finally' statement on line 5

   >>> with A:
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line 1

   >>> with A as a, B as b:
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line 1

   >>> with (A as a, B as b):
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line 1

   >>> async with A:
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line 1

   >>> async with A as a, B as b:
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line 1

   >>> async with (A as a, B as b):
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line 1

   >>> def foo(x, /, y, *, z=2):
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after function definition on line 1

   >>> def foo[T](x, /, y, *, z=2):
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after function definition on line 1

   >>> class Blech(A):
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after class definition on line 1

   >>> class Blech[T](A):
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after class definition on line 1

   >>> class C(__debug__=42): ...
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

   >>> class Meta(type):
   ...     def __new__(*args, **kwargs):
   ...         pass

   >>> class C(metaclass=Meta, __debug__=42):
   ...     pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

   >>> match something:
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'match' statement on line 1

   >>> match something:
   ...     case []:
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'case' statement on line 2

   >>> match something:
   ...     case []:
   ...         ...
   ...     case {}:
   ... pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'case' statement on line 4

Make sure that the old "raise X, Y[, Z]" form is gone:
   >>> raise X, Y
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
   SyntaxError: invalid syntax
   >>> raise X, Y, Z
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
   SyntaxError: invalid syntax

Better errors for `raise` statement:

    >>> raise ValueError from
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: did you forget an expression after 'from'?

    >>> raise mod.ValueError() from
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: did you forget an expression after 'from'?

    >>> raise from exc
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: did you forget an expression between 'raise' and 'from'?

    >>> raise from None
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: did you forget an expression between 'raise' and 'from'?

    >>> raise from
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: did you forget an expression between 'raise' and 'from'?

Check that an multiple exception types with missing parentheses
raise a custom exception only when using 'as'

   >>> try:
   ...   pass
   ... except A, B, C as blech:
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized when using 'as'

   >>> try:
   ...   pass
   ... except A, B, C as blech:
   ...   pass
   ... finally:
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized when using 'as'


   >>> try:
   ...   pass
   ... except* A, B, C as blech:
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized when using 'as'

   >>> try:
   ...   pass
   ... except* A, B, C as blech:
   ...   pass
   ... finally:
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized when using 'as'

Custom exception for 'except*' without an exception type

   >>> try:
   ...   pass
   ... except* A as a:
   ...   pass
   ... except*:
   ...   pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: expected one or more exception types

Check custom exceptions for keywords with typos

>>> fur a in b:
...   pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'for'?

>>> for a in b:
...   pass
... elso:
...   pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'else'?

>>> whille True:
...   pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'while'?

>>> while True:
...   pass
... elso:
...   pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'else'?

>>> iff x > 5:
...   pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'if'?

>>> if x:
...   pass
... elseif y:
...   pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'elif'?

>>> if x:
...   pass
... elif y:
...   pass
... elso:
...   pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'else'?

>>> tyo:
...   pass
... except y:
...   pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'try'?

>>> classe MyClass:
...   pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'class'?

>>> impor math
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'import'?

>>> form x import y
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'from'?

>>> defn calculate_sum(a, b):
...   return a + b
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'def'?

>>> def foo():
...   returm result
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'return'?

>>> lamda x: x ** 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'lambda'?

>>> def foo():
...   yeld i
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'yield'?

>>> def foo():
...   globel counter
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'global'?

>>> frum math import sqrt
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'from'?

>>> asynch def fetch_data():
...   pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'async'?

>>> async def foo():
...   awaid fetch_data()
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'await'?

>>> raisee ValueError("Error")
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'raise'?

>>> [
... x for x
... in range(3)
... of x
... ]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'if'?

>>> [
... 123 fur x
... in range(3)
... if x
... ]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'for'?


>>> for x im n:
...     pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Did you mean 'in'?

>>> f(a=23, a=234)
Traceback (most recent call last):
   ...
SyntaxError: keyword argument repeated: a

>>> {1, 2, 3} = 42
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to set display here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

>>> {1: 2, 3: 4} = 42
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to dict literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

>>> f'{x}' = 42
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to f-string expression here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

>>> f'{x}-{y}' = 42
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to f-string expression here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

>>> ub''
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 'b' prefixes are incompatible

>>> bu"привет"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 'b' prefixes are incompatible

>>> ur''
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 'r' prefixes are incompatible

>>> ru"\t"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 'r' prefixes are incompatible

>>> uf'{1 + 1}'
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 'f' prefixes are incompatible

>>> fu""
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 'f' prefixes are incompatible

>>> ut'{1}'
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 't' prefixes are incompatible

>>> tu"234"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 't' prefixes are incompatible

>>> bf'{x!r}'
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'b' and 'f' prefixes are incompatible

>>> fb"text"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'b' and 'f' prefixes are incompatible

>>> bt"text"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'b' and 't' prefixes are incompatible

>>> tb''
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'b' and 't' prefixes are incompatible

>>> tf"{0.3:.02f}"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'f' and 't' prefixes are incompatible

>>> ft'{x=}'
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'f' and 't' prefixes are incompatible

>>> tfu"{x=}"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 'f' prefixes are incompatible

>>> turf"{x=}"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 'r' prefixes are incompatible

>>> burft"{x=}"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'u' and 'b' prefixes are incompatible

>>> brft"{x=}"
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'b' and 'f' prefixes are incompatible

>>> t'{x}' = 42
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to t-string expression here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

>>> t'{x}-{y}' = 42
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to t-string expression here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

>>> (x, y, z=3, d, e)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?

>>> [x, y, z=3, d, e]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?

>>> [z=3]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?

>>> {x, y, z=3, d, e}
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?

>>> {z=3}
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?

>>> from t import x,
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: trailing comma not allowed without surrounding parentheses

>>> from t import x,y,
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: trailing comma not allowed without surrounding parentheses

>>> with item,: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: the last 'with' item has a trailing comma

>>> with item as x,: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: the last 'with' item has a trailing comma

>>> with item1, item2,: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: the last 'with' item has a trailing comma

>>> with item1 as x, item2,: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: the last 'with' item has a trailing comma

>>> with item1 as x, item2 as y,: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: the last 'with' item has a trailing comma

>>> with item1, item2 as y,: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: the last 'with' item has a trailing comma

>>> import a from b
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead?

>>> import a.y.z from b.y.z
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead?

>>> import a from b as bar
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead?

>>> import a.y.z from b.y.z as bar
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead?

>>> import a, b,c from b
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead?

>>> import a.y.z, b.y.z, c.y.z from b.y.z
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead?

>>> import a,b,c from b as bar
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead?

>>> import a.y.z, b.y.z, c.y.z from b.y.z as bar
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead?

>>> import __debug__
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

>>> import a as __debug__
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

>>> import a.b.c as __debug__
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

>>> from a import __debug__
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

>>> from a import b as __debug__
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

>>> import a as b.c
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use attribute as import target

>>> import a.b as (a, b)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use tuple as import target

>>> import a, a.b as 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use literal as import target

>>> import a.b as 'a', a
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use literal as import target

>>> from a import (b as c.d)
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use attribute as import target

>>> from a import b as 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use literal as import target

>>> from a import (
...   b as f())
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use function call as import target

>>> from a import (
...   b as [],
... )
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use list as import target

>>> from a import (
...   b,
...   c as ()
... )
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use tuple as import target

>>> from a import b, с as d[e]
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use subscript as import target

>>> from a import с as d[e], b
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use subscript as import target

# Check that we don't raise a "cannot use name as import target" error
# if there is an error in an unrelated statement after ';'

>>> import a as b; None = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to None

>>> import a, b as c; d = 1; None = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to None

>>> from a import b as c; None = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to None

>>> from a import b, c as d; e = 1; None = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot assign to None

# Check that we dont raise the "trailing comma" error if there is more
# input to the left of the valid part that we parsed.

>>> from t import x,y, and 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> from i import
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Expected one or more names after 'import'

>>> from .. import
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Expected one or more names after 'import'

>>> import
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: Expected one or more names after 'import'

>>> (): int
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: only single target (not tuple) can be annotated
>>> []: int
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: only single target (not list) can be annotated
>>> (()): int
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: only single target (not tuple) can be annotated
>>> ([]): int
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: only single target (not list) can be annotated

# 'not' after operators:

>>> 3 + not 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized

>>> 3 * not 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized

>>> + not 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized

>>> - not 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized

>>> ~ not 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized

>>> 3 + - not 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized

>>> 3 + not -1
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized

# Check that we don't introduce misleading errors
>>> not 1 */ 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> not 1 +
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> not + 1 +
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

Corner-cases that used to fail to raise the correct error:

    >>> def f(*, x=lambda __debug__:0): pass
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

    >>> def f(*args:(lambda __debug__:0)): pass
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

    >>> def f(**kwargs:(lambda __debug__:0)): pass
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

    >>> with (lambda *:0): pass
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: named parameters must follow bare *

Corner-cases that used to crash:

    >>> def f(**__debug__): pass
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

    >>> def f(*xx, __debug__): pass
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

    >>> import ä £
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: invalid character '£' (U+00A3)

Invalid pattern matching constructs:

    >>> match ...:
    ...   case 42 as _:
    ...     ...
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot use '_' as a target

    >>> match ...:
    ...   case 42 as 1+2+4:
    ...     ...
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot use expression as pattern target

    >>> match ...:
    ...   case 42 as a.b:
    ...     ...
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot use attribute as pattern target

    >>> match ...:
    ...   case 42 as (a, b):
    ...     ...
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot use tuple as pattern target

    >>> match ...:
    ...   case 42 as (a + 1):
    ...     ...
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot use expression as pattern target

    >>> match ...:
    ...   case (32 as x) | (42 as a()):
    ...     ...
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot use function call as pattern target

    >>> match ...:
    ...   case Foo(z=1, y=2, x):
    ...     ...
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: positional patterns follow keyword patterns

    >>> match ...:
    ...   case Foo(a, z=1, y=2, x):
    ...     ...
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: positional patterns follow keyword patterns

    >>> match ...:
    ...   case Foo(z=1, x, y=2):
    ...     ...
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: positional patterns follow keyword patterns

    >>> match ...:
    ...   case Foo(y=1, x=2, y=3):
    ...     ...
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: attribute name repeated in class pattern: y

    >>> match ...:
    ...   case C(a=b, c, d=e, f, g=h, i, j=k, ...):
    ...     ...
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: positional patterns follow keyword patterns

    >>> match ...:
    ...   case {**double_star, "spam": "eggs"}:
    ...     ...
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: double star pattern must be the last (right-most) subpattern in the mapping pattern

    >>> match ...:
    ...   case {"foo": 1, **double_star, "spam": "eggs"}:
    ...     ...
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: double star pattern must be the last (right-most) subpattern in the mapping pattern

    >>> match ...:
    ...   case {"spam": "eggs", "b": {**d, "ham": "bacon"}}:
    ...     ...
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: double star pattern must be the last (right-most) subpattern in the mapping pattern

Uses of the star operator which should fail:

A[:*b]

    >>> A[:*b]
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax
    >>> A[:(*b)]
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: cannot use starred expression here
    >>> A[:*b] = 1
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax
    >>> del A[:*b]
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax

A[*b:]

    >>> A[*b:]
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax
    >>> A[(*b):]
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: cannot use starred expression here
    >>> A[*b:] = 1
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax
    >>> del A[*b:]
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax

A[*b:*b]

    >>> A[*b:*b]
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax
    >>> A[(*b:*b)]
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax
    >>> A[*b:*b] = 1
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax
    >>> del A[*b:*b]
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax

A[*(1:2)]

    >>> A[*(1:2)]
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: Invalid star expression
    >>> A[*(1:2)] = 1
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: Invalid star expression
    >>> del A[*(1:2)]
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: Invalid star expression

A[*:] and A[:*]

    >>> A[*:]
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: Invalid star expression
    >>> A[:*]
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax

A[*]

    >>> A[*]
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: Invalid star expression

A[**]

    >>> A[**]
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax

A[**b]

    >>> A[**b]
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax
    >>> A[**b] = 1
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax
    >>> del A[**b]
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax

def f(x: *b)

    >>> def f6(x: *b): pass
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax
    >>> def f7(x: *b = 1): pass
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax

**kwargs: *a

    >>> def f8(**kwargs: *a): pass
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax

x: *b

    >>> x: *b
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax
    >>> x: *b = 1
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax

Invalid bytes literals:

   >>> b"Ā"
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
       b"Ā"
        ^^^
   SyntaxError: bytes can only contain ASCII literal characters

   >>> b"абвгде"
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
       b"абвгде"
        ^^^^^^^^
   SyntaxError: bytes can only contain ASCII literal characters

   >>> b"abc ъющый"  # first 3 letters are ascii
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
       b"abc ъющый"
        ^^^^^^^^^^^
   SyntaxError: bytes can only contain ASCII literal characters

Invalid expressions in type scopes:

   >>> type A[] = int
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   ...
   SyntaxError: Type parameter list cannot be empty

   >>> class A[]: ...
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   ...
   SyntaxError: Type parameter list cannot be empty

   >>> def some[](): ...
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   ...
   SyntaxError: Type parameter list cannot be empty

   >>> def some[]()
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   ...
   SyntaxError: Type parameter list cannot be empty

   >>> async def some[]:  # type: int
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   ...
   SyntaxError: Type parameter list cannot be empty

   >>> def f[T: (x:=3)](): pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound

   >>> def f[T: ((x:= 3), int)](): pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint

   >>> def f[T = ((x:=3))](): pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default

   >>> async def f[T: (x:=3)](): pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound

   >>> async def f[T: ((x:= 3), int)](): pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint

   >>> async def f[T = ((x:=3))](): pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default

   >>> type A[T: (x:=3)] = int
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound

   >>> type A[T: ((x:= 3), int)] = int
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint

   >>> type A[T = ((x:=3))] = int
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default

   >>> def f[T: (yield)](): pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound

   >>> def f[T: (int, (yield))](): pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint

   >>> def f[T = (yield)](): pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default

   >>> def f[*Ts = (yield)](): pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVarTuple default

   >>> def f[**P = [(yield), int]](): pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a ParamSpec default

   >>> type A[T: (yield 3)] = int
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound

   >>> type A[T: (int, (yield 3))] = int
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint

   >>> type A[T = (yield 3)] = int
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default

   >>> type A[T: (await 3)] = int
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: await expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound

   >>> type A[T: (yield from [])] = int
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound

   >>> class A[T: (yield 3)]: pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound

   >>> class A[T: (int, (yield 3))]: pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint

   >>> class A[T = (yield)]: pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default

   >>> class A[*Ts = (yield)]: pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVarTuple default

   >>> class A[**P = [(yield), int]]: pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a ParamSpec default

   >>> type A = (x := 3)
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a type alias

   >>> type A = (yield 3)
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a type alias

   >>> type A = (await 3)
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: await expression cannot be used within a type alias

   >>> type A = (yield from [])
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a type alias

   >>> type __debug__ = int
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

   >>> class A[__debug__]: pass
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__

   >>> class A[T]((x := 3)): ...
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within the definition of a generic

   >>> class A[T]((yield 3)): ...
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within the definition of a generic

   >>> class A[T]((await 3)): ...
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: await expression cannot be used within the definition of a generic

   >>> class A[T]((yield from [])): ...
   Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
   SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within the definition of a generic

    >>> f(**x, *y)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: iterable argument unpacking follows keyword argument unpacking

    >>> f(**x, *)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: Invalid star expression

    >>> f(x, *:)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: Invalid star expression

    >>> f(x, *)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: Invalid star expression

    >>> f(x = 5, *)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: Invalid star expression

    >>> f(x = 5, *:)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: Invalid star expression

Asserts:

    >>> assert (a := 1)  # ok
    >>> assert 1, (a := 1)  # ok

    >>> assert a := 1
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot use named expression without parentheses here

    >>> assert 1, a := 1
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot use named expression without parentheses here

    >>> assert 1 = 2 = 3
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

    >>> assert 1 = 2
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

    >>> assert (1 = 2)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

    >>> assert 'a' = a
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

    >>> assert x[0] = 1
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot assign to subscript here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

    >>> assert (yield a) = 2
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot assign to yield expression here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

    >>> assert a = 2
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot assign to name here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

    >>> assert (a = 2)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?

    >>> assert a = b
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot assign to name here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

    >>> assert 1, 1 = b
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

    >>> assert 1, (1 = b)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

    >>> assert 1, a = 1
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot assign to name here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

    >>> assert 1, (a = 1)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?

    >>> assert 1 = a, a = 1
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?

"""

import re
import doctest
import textwrap
import unittest

from test import support

class SyntaxWarningTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def check_warning(self, code, errtext, filename="<testcase>", mode="exec"):
        """Check that compiling code raises SyntaxWarning with errtext.

        errtest is a regular expression that must be present in the
        text of the warning raised.
        """
        with self.assertWarnsRegex(SyntaxWarning, errtext):
            compile(code, filename, mode)

    def test_return_in_finally(self):
        source = textwrap.dedent("""
            def f():
                try:
                    pass
                finally:
                    return 42
            """)
        self.check_warning(source, "'return' in a 'finally' block")

        source = textwrap.dedent("""
            def f():
                try:
                    pass
                finally:
                    try:
                        return 42
                    except:
                        pass
            """)
        self.check_warning(source, "'return' in a 'finally' block")

        source = textwrap.dedent("""
            def f():
                try:
                    pass
                finally:
                    try:
                        pass
                    except:
                        return 42
            """)
        self.check_warning(source, "'return' in a 'finally' block")

    def test_break_and_continue_in_finally(self):
        for kw in ('break', 'continue'):

            source = textwrap.dedent(f"""
                for abc in range(10):
                    try:
                        pass
                    finally:
                        {kw}
                """)
            self.check_warning(source, f"'{kw}' in a 'finally' block")

            source = textwrap.dedent(f"""
                for abc in range(10):
                    try:
                        pass
                    finally:
                        try:
                            {kw}
                        except:
                            pass
                """)
            self.check_warning(source, f"'{kw}' in a 'finally' block")

            source = textwrap.dedent(f"""
                for abc in range(10):
                    try:
                        pass
                    finally:
                        try:
                            pass
                        except:
                            {kw}
                """)
            self.check_warning(source, f"'{kw}' in a 'finally' block")


class SyntaxErrorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

    def _check_error(self, code, errtext,
                     filename="<testcase>", mode="exec", subclass=None,
                     lineno=None, offset=None, end_lineno=None, end_offset=None):
        """Check that compiling code raises SyntaxError with errtext.

        errtest is a regular expression that must be present in the
        text of the exception raised.  If subclass is specified it
        is the expected subclass of SyntaxError (e.g. IndentationError).
        """
        try:
            compile(code, filename, mode)
        except SyntaxError as err:
            if subclass and not isinstance(err, subclass):
                self.fail("SyntaxError is not a %s" % subclass.__name__)
            mo = re.search(errtext, str(err))
            if mo is None:
                self.fail("SyntaxError did not contain %r" % (errtext,))
            self.assertEqual(err.filename, filename)
            if lineno is not None:
                self.assertEqual(err.lineno, lineno)
            if offset is not None:
                self.assertEqual(err.offset, offset)
            if end_lineno is not None:
                self.assertEqual(err.end_lineno, end_lineno)
            if end_offset is not None:
                self.assertEqual(err.end_offset, end_offset)

        else:
            self.fail("compile() did not raise SyntaxError")

    def test_expression_with_assignment(self):
        self._check_error(
            "print(end1 + end2 = ' ')",
            'expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="?',
            offset=7
        )

    def test_curly_brace_after_primary_raises_immediately(self):
        self._check_error("f{}", "invalid syntax", mode="single")

    def test_assign_call(self):
        self._check_error("f() = 1", "assign")

    def test_assign_del(self):
        self._check_error("del (,)", "invalid syntax")
        self._check_error("del 1", "cannot delete literal")
        self._check_error("del (1, 2)", "cannot delete literal")
        self._check_error("del None", "cannot delete None")
        self._check_error("del *x", "cannot delete starred")
        self._check_error("del (*x)", "cannot use starred expression")
        self._check_error("del (*x,)", "cannot delete starred")
        self._check_error("del [*x,]", "cannot delete starred")
        self._check_error("del f()", "cannot delete function call")
        self._check_error("del f(a, b)", "cannot delete function call")
        self._check_error("del o.f()", "cannot delete function call")
        self._check_error("del a[0]()", "cannot delete function call")
        self._check_error("del x, f()", "cannot delete function call")
        self._check_error("del f(), x", "cannot delete function call")
        self._check_error("del [a, b, ((c), (d,), e.f())]", "cannot delete function call")
        self._check_error("del (a if True else b)", "cannot delete conditional")
        self._check_error("del +a", "cannot delete expression")
        self._check_error("del a, +b", "cannot delete expression")
        self._check_error("del a + b", "cannot delete expression")
        self._check_error("del (a + b, c)", "cannot delete expression")
        self._check_error("del (c[0], a + b)", "cannot delete expression")
        self._check_error("del a.b.c + 2", "cannot delete expression")
        self._check_error("del a.b.c[0] + 2", "cannot delete expression")
        self._check_error("del (a, b, (c, d.e.f + 2))", "cannot delete expression")
        self._check_error("del [a, b, (c, d.e.f[0] + 2)]", "cannot delete expression")
        self._check_error("del (a := 5)", "cannot delete named expression")
        # We don't have a special message for this, but make sure we don't
        # report "cannot delete name"
        self._check_error("del a += b", "invalid syntax")

    def test_global_param_err_first(self):
        source = """if 1:
            def error(a):
                global a  # SyntaxError
            def error2():
                b = 1
                global b  # SyntaxError
            """
        self._check_error(source, "parameter and global", lineno=3)

    def test_nonlocal_param_err_first(self):
        source = """if 1:
            def error(a):
                nonlocal a  # SyntaxError
            def error2():
                b = 1
                global b  # SyntaxError
            """
        self._check_error(source, "parameter and nonlocal", lineno=3)

    def test_raise_from_error_message(self):
        source = """if 1:
        raise AssertionError() from None
        print(1,,2)
        """
        self._check_error(source, "invalid syntax", lineno=3)

    def test_yield_outside_function(self):
        self._check_error("if 0: yield",                "outside function")
        self._check_error("if 0: yield\nelse:  x=1",    "outside function")
        self._check_error("if 1: pass\nelse: yield",    "outside function")
        self._check_error("while 0: yield",             "outside function")
        self._check_error("while 0: yield\nelse:  x=1", "outside function")
        self._check_error("class C:\n  if 0: yield",    "outside function")
        self._check_error("class C:\n  if 1: pass\n  else: yield",
                          "outside function")
        self._check_error("class C:\n  while 0: yield", "outside function")
        self._check_error("class C:\n  while 0: yield\n  else:  x = 1",
                          "outside function")

    def test_return_outside_function(self):
        self._check_error("if 0: return",                "outside function")
        self._check_error("if 0: return\nelse:  x=1",    "outside function")
        self._check_error("if 1: pass\nelse: return",    "outside function")
        self._check_error("while 0: return",             "outside function")
        self._check_error("class C:\n  if 0: return",    "outside function")
        self._check_error("class C:\n  while 0: return", "outside function")
        self._check_error("class C:\n  while 0: return\n  else:  x=1",
                          "outside function")
        self._check_error("class C:\n  if 0: return\n  else: x= 1",
                          "outside function")
        self._check_error("class C:\n  if 1: pass\n  else: return",
                          "outside function")

    def test_break_outside_loop(self):
        msg = "outside loop"
        self._check_error("break", msg, lineno=1)
        self._check_error("if 0: break", msg, lineno=1)
        self._check_error("if 0: break\nelse:  x=1", msg, lineno=1)
        self._check_error("if 1: pass\nelse: break", msg, lineno=2)
        self._check_error("class C:\n  if 0: break", msg, lineno=2)
        self._check_error("class C:\n  if 1: pass\n  else: break",
                          msg, lineno=3)
        self._check_error("with object() as obj:\n break",
                          msg, lineno=2)

    def test_continue_outside_loop(self):
        msg = "not properly in loop"
        self._check_error("if 0: continue", msg, lineno=1)
        self._check_error("if 0: continue\nelse:  x=1", msg, lineno=1)
        self._check_error("if 1: pass\nelse: continue", msg, lineno=2)
        self._check_error("class C:\n  if 0: continue", msg, lineno=2)
        self._check_error("class C:\n  if 1: pass\n  else: continue",
                          msg, lineno=3)
        self._check_error("with object() as obj:\n    continue",
                          msg, lineno=2)

    def test_unexpected_indent(self):
        self._check_error("foo()\n bar()\n", "unexpected indent",
                          subclass=IndentationError)

    def test_no_indent(self):
        self._check_error("if 1:\nfoo()", "expected an indented block",
                          subclass=IndentationError)

    def test_bad_outdent(self):
        self._check_error("if 1:\n  foo()\n bar()",
                          "unindent does not match .* level",
                          subclass=IndentationError)

    def test_kwargs_last(self):
        self._check_error("int(base=10, '2')",
                          "positional argument follows keyword argument")

    def test_kwargs_last2(self):
        self._check_error("int(**{'base': 10}, '2')",
                          "positional argument follows "
                          "keyword argument unpacking")

    def test_kwargs_last3(self):
        self._check_error("int(**{'base': 10}, *['2'])",
                          "iterable argument unpacking follows "
                          "keyword argument unpacking")

    def test_generator_in_function_call(self):
        self._check_error("foo(x,    y for y in range(3) for z in range(2) if z    , p)",
                          "Generator expression must be parenthesized",
                          lineno=1, end_lineno=1, offset=11, end_offset=53)

    def test_except_then_except_star(self):
        self._check_error("try: pass\nexcept ValueError: pass\nexcept* TypeError: pass",
                          r"cannot have both 'except' and 'except\*' on the same 'try'",
                          lineno=3, end_lineno=3, offset=1, end_offset=8)

    def test_except_star_then_except(self):
        self._check_error("try: pass\nexcept* ValueError: pass\nexcept TypeError: pass",
                          r"cannot have both 'except' and 'except\*' on the same 'try'",
                          lineno=3, end_lineno=3, offset=1, end_offset=7)

    def test_empty_line_after_linecont(self):
        # See issue-40847
        s = r"""\
pass
        \

pass
"""
        try:
            compile(s, '<string>', 'exec')
        except SyntaxError:
            self.fail("Empty line after a line continuation character is valid.")

        # See issue-46091
        s1 = r"""\
def fib(n):
    \
'''Print a Fibonacci series up to n.'''
    \
a, b = 0, 1
"""
        s2 = r"""\
def fib(n):
    '''Print a Fibonacci series up to n.'''
    a, b = 0, 1
"""
        try:
            compile(s1, '<string>', 'exec')
            compile(s2, '<string>', 'exec')
        except SyntaxError:
            self.fail("Indented statement over multiple lines is valid")

    def test_continuation_bad_indentation(self):
        # Check that code that breaks indentation across multiple lines raises a syntax error

        code = r"""\
if x:
    y = 1
  \
  foo = 1
        """

        self.assertRaises(IndentationError, exec, code)

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_disallowed_type_param_names(self):
        # See gh-128632

        self._check_error(f"class A[__classdict__]: pass",
                        f"reserved name '__classdict__' cannot be used for type parameter")
        self._check_error(f"def f[__classdict__](): pass",
                        f"reserved name '__classdict__' cannot be used for type parameter")
        self._check_error(f"type T[__classdict__] = tuple[__classdict__]",
                        f"reserved name '__classdict__' cannot be used for type parameter")

        # These compilations are here to make sure __class__, __classcell__ and __classdictcell__
        # don't break in the future like __classdict__ did in this case.
        for name in ('__class__', '__classcell__', '__classdictcell__'):
            compile(f"""
class A:
    class B[{name}]: pass
                """, "<testcase>", mode="exec")

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_nested_named_except_blocks(self):
        code = ""
        for i in range(12):
            code += f"{'    '*i}try:\n"
            code += f"{'    '*(i+1)}raise Exception\n"
            code += f"{'    '*i}except Exception as e:\n"
        code += f"{' '*4*12}pass"
        self._check_error(code, "too many statically nested blocks")

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_with_statement_many_context_managers(self):
        # See gh-113297

        def get_code(n):
            code = textwrap.dedent("""
                def bug():
                    with (
                    a
                """)
            for i in range(n):
                code += f"    as a{i}, a\n"
            code += "): yield a"
            return code

        CO_MAXBLOCKS = 21  # static nesting limit of the compiler
        MAX_MANAGERS = CO_MAXBLOCKS - 1  # One for the StopIteration block

        for n in range(MAX_MANAGERS):
            with self.subTest(f"within range: {n=}"):
                compile(get_code(n), "<string>", "exec")

        for n in range(MAX_MANAGERS, MAX_MANAGERS + 5):
            with self.subTest(f"out of range: {n=}"):
                self._check_error(get_code(n), "too many statically nested blocks")

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_async_with_statement_many_context_managers(self):
        # See gh-116767

        def get_code(n):
            code = [ textwrap.dedent("""
                async def bug():
                    async with (
                    a
                """) ]
            for i in range(n):
                code.append(f"    as a{i}, a\n")
            code.append("): yield a")
            return "".join(code)

        CO_MAXBLOCKS = 21  # static nesting limit of the compiler
        MAX_MANAGERS = CO_MAXBLOCKS - 1  # One for the StopIteration block

        for n in range(MAX_MANAGERS):
            with self.subTest(f"within range: {n=}"):
                compile(get_code(n), "<string>", "exec")

        for n in range(MAX_MANAGERS, MAX_MANAGERS + 5):
            with self.subTest(f"out of range: {n=}"):
                self._check_error(get_code(n), "too many statically nested blocks")

    def test_barry_as_flufl_with_syntax_errors(self):
        # The "barry_as_flufl" rule can produce some "bugs-at-a-distance" if
        # is reading the wrong token in the presence of syntax errors later
        # in the file. See bpo-42214 for more information.
        code = """
def func1():
    if a != b:
        raise ValueError

def func2():
    try
        return 1
    finally:
        pass
"""
        self._check_error(code, "expected ':'")

    def test_invalid_line_continuation_error_position(self):
        self._check_error(r"a = 3 \ 4",
                          "unexpected character after line continuation character",
                          lineno=1, offset=8)
        self._check_error('1,\\#\n2',
                          "unexpected character after line continuation character",
                          lineno=1, offset=4)
        self._check_error('\nfgdfgf\n1,\\#\n2\n',
                          "unexpected character after line continuation character",
                          lineno=3, offset=4)

    def test_invalid_line_continuation_left_recursive(self):
        # Check bpo-42218: SyntaxErrors following left-recursive rules
        # (t_primary_raw in this case) need to be tested explicitly
        self._check_error("A.\u018a\\ ",
                          "unexpected character after line continuation character")
        self._check_error("A.\u03bc\\\n",
                          "unexpected EOF while parsing")

    def test_error_parenthesis(self):
        for paren in "([{":
            self._check_error(paren + "1 + 2", f"\\{paren}' was never closed")

        for paren in "([{":
            self._check_error(f"a = {paren} 1, 2, 3\nb=3", f"\\{paren}' was never closed")

        for paren in ")]}":
            self._check_error(paren + "1 + 2", f"unmatched '\\{paren}'")

        # Some more complex examples:
        code = """\
func(
    a=["unclosed], # Need a quote in this comment: "
    b=2,
)
"""
        self._check_error(code, "parenthesis '\\)' does not match opening parenthesis '\\['")

        self._check_error("match y:\n case e(e=v,v,", " was never closed")

        # Examples with dencodings
        s = b'# coding=latin\n(aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa\naaaaaaaaaaa\xb5'
        self._check_error(s, r"'\(' was never closed")

    def test_error_string_literal(self):

        self._check_error("'blech", r"unterminated string literal \(.*\)$")
        self._check_error('"blech', r"unterminated string literal \(.*\)$")
        self._check_error(
            r'"blech\"', r"unterminated string literal \(.*\); perhaps you escaped the end quote"
        )
        self._check_error(
            r'r"blech\"', r"unterminated string literal \(.*\); perhaps you escaped the end quote"
        )
        self._check_error("'''blech", "unterminated triple-quoted string literal")
        self._check_error('"""blech', "unterminated triple-quoted string literal")

    def test_invisible_characters(self):
        self._check_error('print\x17("Hello")', "invalid non-printable character")
        self._check_error(b"with(0,,):\n\x01", "invalid non-printable character")

    def test_match_call_does_not_raise_syntax_error(self):
        code = """
def match(x):
    return 1+1

match(34)
"""
        compile(code, "<string>", "exec")

    def test_case_call_does_not_raise_syntax_error(self):
        code = """
def case(x):
    return 1+1

case(34)
"""
        compile(code, "<string>", "exec")

    def test_multiline_compiler_error_points_to_the_end(self):
        self._check_error(
            "call(\na=1,\na=1\n)",
            "keyword argument repeated",
            lineno=3
        )

    def test_multiline_string_concat_missing_comma_points_to_last_string(self):
        # gh-142236: For multi-line string concatenations with a missing comma,
        # the error should point to the last string, not the first.
        self._check_error(
            "print(\n"
            '    "line1"\n'
            '    "line2"\n'
            '    "line3"\n'
            "    x=1\n"
            ")",
            "Perhaps you forgot a comma",
            lineno=4,  # Points to "line3", the last string
        )

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_syntax_error_on_deeply_nested_blocks(self):
        # This raises a SyntaxError, it used to raise a SystemError. Context
        # for this change can be found on issue #27514

        # In 2.5 there was a missing exception and an assert was triggered in a
        # debug build.  The number of blocks must be greater than CO_MAXBLOCKS.
        # SF #1565514

        source = """
while 1:
 while 2:
  while 3:
   while 4:
    while 5:
     while 6:
      while 8:
       while 9:
        while 10:
         while 11:
          while 12:
           while 13:
            while 14:
             while 15:
              while 16:
               while 17:
                while 18:
                 while 19:
                  while 20:
                   while 21:
                    while 22:
                     while 23:
                      break
"""
        self._check_error(source, "too many statically nested blocks")

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_error_on_parser_stack_overflow(self):
        source = "-" * 100000 + "4"
        for mode in ["exec", "eval", "single"]:
            with self.subTest(mode=mode):
                with self.assertRaisesRegex(MemoryError, r"too complex"):
                    compile(source, "<string>", mode)

    @support.cpython_only
    @support.skip_wasi_stack_overflow()
    def test_deep_invalid_rule(self):
        # Check that a very deep invalid rule in the PEG
        # parser doesn't have exponential backtracking.
        source = "d{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{```{{{{{{{ef f():y"
        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError):
            compile(source, "<string>", "exec")

    def test_except_stmt_invalid_as_expr(self):
        self._check_error(
            textwrap.dedent(
                """
                try:
                    pass
                except ValueError as obj.attr:
                    pass
                """
            ),
            errtext="cannot use except statement with attribute",
            lineno=4,
            end_lineno=4,
            offset=22,
            end_offset=22 + len("obj.attr"),
        )

    def test_match_stmt_invalid_as_expr(self):
        self._check_error(
            textwrap.dedent(
                """
                match 1:
                    case x as obj.attr:
                        ...
                """
            ),
            errtext="cannot use attribute as pattern target",
            lineno=3,
            end_lineno=3,
            offset=15,
            end_offset=15 + len("obj.attr"),
        )

    def test_ifexp_else_stmt(self):
        msg = "expected expression after 'else', but statement is given"

        for stmt in [
            "pass",
            "return",
            "return 2",
            "raise Exception('a')",
            "del a",
            "yield 2",
            "assert False",
            "break",
            "continue",
            "import",
            "import ast",
            "from",
            "from ast import *"
        ]:
            self._check_error(f"x = 1 if 1 else {stmt}", msg)

    def test_ifexp_body_stmt_else_expression(self):
        msg = "expected expression before 'if', but statement is given"

        for stmt in [
            "pass",
            "break",
            "continue"
        ]:
            self._check_error(f"x = {stmt} if 1 else 1", msg)

    def test_ifexp_body_stmt_else_stmt(self):
        msg = "expected expression before 'if', but statement is given"
        for lhs_stmt, rhs_stmt in [
            ("pass", "pass"),
            ("break", "pass"),
            ("continue", "import ast")
        ]:
            self._check_error(f"x = {lhs_stmt} if 1 else {rhs_stmt}", msg)


class LazyImportRestrictionTestCase(SyntaxErrorTestCase):
    """Test syntax restrictions for lazy imports."""

    def test_lazy_import_in_try_block(self):
        """Test that lazy imports are not allowed inside try blocks."""
        self._check_error("""\
try:
    lazy import os
except:
    pass
""", "lazy import not allowed inside try/except blocks")

        self._check_error("""\
try:
    lazy from sys import path
except ImportError:
    pass
""", "lazy from ... import not allowed inside try/except blocks")

    def test_lazy_import_in_trystar_block(self):
        """Test that lazy imports are not allowed inside try* blocks."""
        self._check_error("""\
try:
    lazy import json
except* Exception:
    pass
""", "lazy import not allowed inside try/except blocks")

        self._check_error("""\
try:
    lazy from collections import defaultdict
except* ImportError:
    pass
""", "lazy from ... import not allowed inside try/except blocks")

    def test_lazy_import_in_except_block(self):
        """Test that lazy imports are not allowed inside except blocks."""
        self._check_error("""\
try:
    sys.modules # trigger the except block
except* Exception:
   lazy import sys
""", "lazy import not allowed inside try/except blocks")

    def test_lazy_import_in_function(self):
        """Test that lazy imports are not allowed inside functions."""
        self._check_error("""\
def func():
    lazy import math
""", "lazy import not allowed inside functions")

        self._check_error("""\
def func():
    lazy from datetime import datetime
""", "lazy from ... import not allowed inside functions")

    def test_lazy_import_in_async_function(self):
        """Test that lazy imports are not allowed inside async functions."""
        self._check_error("""\
async def async_func():
    lazy import asyncio
""", "lazy import not allowed inside functions")

        self._check_error("""\
async def async_func():
    lazy from json import loads
""", "lazy from ... import not allowed inside functions")

    def test_lazy_import_in_class(self):
        """Test that lazy imports are not allowed inside classes."""
        self._check_error("""\
class MyClass:
    lazy import typing
""", "lazy import not allowed inside classes")

        self._check_error("""\
class MyClass:
    lazy from abc import ABC
""", "lazy from ... import not allowed inside classes")

    def test_lazy_import_star_forbidden(self):
        """Test that 'lazy from ... import *' is forbidden everywhere."""
        # At module level should also be forbidden
        self._check_error("lazy from os import *",
                         "lazy from ... import \\* is not allowed")

        # Inside function should give lazy function error first
        self._check_error("""\
def func():
    lazy from sys import *
""", "lazy from ... import not allowed inside functions")

    def test_lazy_import_nested_scopes(self):
        """Test lazy imports in nested scopes."""
        self._check_error("""\
class Outer:
    def method(self):
        lazy import sys
""", "lazy import not allowed inside functions")

        self._check_error("""\
def outer():
    class Inner:
        lazy import json
""", "lazy import not allowed inside classes")

        self._check_error("""\
def outer():
    def inner():
        lazy from collections import deque
""", "lazy from ... import not allowed inside functions")

    def test_lazy_import_valid_cases(self):
        """Test that lazy imports work at module level."""
        # These should compile without errors
        compile("lazy import os", "<test>", "exec")
        compile("lazy from sys import path", "<test>", "exec")
        compile("lazy import json as j", "<test>", "exec")
        compile("lazy from datetime import datetime as dt", "<test>", "exec")


def load_tests(loader, tests, pattern):
    tests.addTest(doctest.DocTestSuite())
    return tests


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()